Diz; uyluk kemi\u011fi (femur) ile kaval kemi\u011fi (tibia) aras\u0131ndaki mente\u015fe bi\u00e7imli bir eklemdir. Eklem i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Eklem \u00f6n taraftan diz kapa\u011f\u0131 (patella) ile korunur. Asl\u0131nda dizde 3 adet eklem vard\u0131r. Eklem i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm kemik y\u00fczeyler eklem k\u0131k\u0131rda\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Femur ve tibia aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131k\u0131rdak y\u00fczeyler, menisk\u00fcs denilen iki esnek k\u0131k\u0131rdaks\u0131 yap\u0131 ile korunur ve desteklenir.<\/p>\n
Menisk\u00fcsler \u201cC\u201d harfi bi\u00e7imli ve ku\u015f yuvas\u0131 \u015feklinde kenarlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek ortas\u0131 ince bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131 yuvarlak femur ile d\u00fcz tibian\u0131n yap\u0131sal uyumunu sa\u011flar, binen y\u00fck\u00fcn t\u00fcm eklem y\u00fczeyine da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, gelen darbeleri emer, eklemin sabitli\u011fine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ba\u011flar diz eklemini sabitleyen ana yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Birbirlerinden tamamen ayr\u0131 yap\u0131lar olan ba\u011flarla tendonlar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekir. Ba\u011flar her iki ucu kemi\u011fe yap\u0131\u015fan sabit yap\u0131lard\u0131r, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 esneklikleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tendonlar ise bir u\u00e7lar\u0131 kemi\u011fe yap\u0131\u015fan, di\u011fer u\u00e7lar\u0131 adeleyle devam eden, adelenin hareketini kemi\u011fe ileten yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Yan ba\u011flar dizin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f yanlar\u0131nda bulunur ve dizin her iki yana a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. D\u0131\u015f yan ba\u011f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dizin d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen dizin arka-d\u0131\u015f k\u00f6\u015fesinde ba\u011flar ve popliteus tendonundan olu\u015fan posterolateral kompleks denilen bir ek yap\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesine ait bulgular ve tedavi g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7abilir. \u00d6n \u00e7apraz ba\u011f (\u00d6\u00c7B-ACL) tibia ile femuru tam orta noktadan birbirine ba\u011flar. Fonksiyonu dizin d\u00f6nme hareketlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlamak ve tibian\u0131n \u00f6ne hareketini engellemektir. Arka \u00e7apraz ba\u011f (A\u00c7B- PCL) tibian\u0131n arkaya hareketini \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Dizin t\u00fcm bu anatomik yap\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca kaslar uzan\u0131r ve birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak dizin ko\u015fmak, y\u00fcr\u00fcmek gibi hareketlerini y\u00f6netirler. Kaslar ayr\u0131ca sabitli\u011fi sa\u011flayan olu\u015fumlara destek sa\u011flar, korurlar. Dizi y\u00f6neten iki ana grup kas vard\u0131r. \u00d6n uylu\u011fun 4 ba\u015fl\u0131 kas\u0131 (quadriceps), le\u011fen kemi\u011finden uylu\u011fun \u00f6n y\u00fcz\u00fc boyunca uzan\u0131r, diz kapa\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden tendonla\u015farak devam eder ve tibian\u0131n \u00fcst-\u00f6n taraf\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Dizin (ekstansiyon) do\u011frultulmas\u0131- d\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesi hareketini yapt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 zamanda diz kapa\u011f\u0131 kemi\u011finin \u00fcst, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131\u015fan ayr\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131 ile diz kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dengesini sa\u011flar. Dizin d\u00f6nme hareketlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlayarak \u00d6\u00c7B a, tibian\u0131n arkaya hareketini k\u0131s\u0131tlayarak A\u00c7B a yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Uylu\u011fun arkas\u0131nda ikisi tibian\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na, ikisi i\u00e7ine yap\u0131\u015fan hamstring adeleleri vard\u0131r. Hamstringler d\u00f6nme hareketini ve tibian\u0131n \u00f6ne hareketini k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131yarak \u00d6\u00c7B a yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Hamstringler (arka uyluk kaslar\u0131) dizin fleksiyon (b\u00fck\u00fclme) hareketini yapt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Diz Anatomisi Diz; uyluk kemi\u011fi (femur) ile kaval kemi\u011fi (tibia) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[2,846,6],"class_list":["post-222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diz-agrilari","tag-diz","tag-diz-anatomisi","tag-diz-sagligi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/08\/diz-anatomisi.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}