{"id":377,"date":"2009-08-26T10:24:05","date_gmt":"2009-08-26T11:24:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/?p=377"},"modified":"2022-01-16T21:41:15","modified_gmt":"2022-01-16T21:41:15","slug":"spina-bifida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/spina-bifida\/","title":{"rendered":"Spina Bifida"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Spina Bifida<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spina bifida omurili\u011fin beyinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7evresel organlara ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 omurilik kanal\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k demektir. Spina bifida&#8217; n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca 3 tipi vard\u0131r( hafiften a\u011f\u0131ra do\u011fru ).<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>1. Spina bifida okk\u00fclta : Bir veya daha fazla omurun arkas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olmas\u0131, omurili\u011fin ve omurili\u011fin uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan sinirlerin yerinde olmas\u0131 demektir. Klinik olarak \u00f6nemli bir deformite de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>2. Meningosel : Omurili\u011fin etraf\u0131ndaki koruyucu zarlar\u0131n omurgadaki bir a\u00e7\u0131ktan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 demektir. Bebek do\u011fdu\u011fu zaman s\u0131rt\u0131nda bir kese ile do\u011far. Sinir hasar\u0131 yoktur veya \u00e7ok azd\u0131r, cerrahi olarak tamir edilir.<\/li>\n<li>3. Myelomeningosel : Spina bifidan\u0131n en a\u011f\u0131r formudur. Omurili\u011fin kendisi ve zarlar\u0131, omur a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 vakalarda omurili\u011fi i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan deri ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr, bazen omurilik ve etraf\u0131ndaki zarlar tamamen a\u00e7\u0131ktad\u0131r<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>S\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130nsanlar\u0131n % 20 kadar\u0131nda spina bifida ok\u00fclta vard\u0131r. Ancak bu hastalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda hi\u00e7bir belirti yoktur, ve insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu spina bifida ok\u00fclta oldu\u011funu bilmez. Di\u011fer iki tip spina bifida ise olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Di\u011fer iki tip omurga a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na &#8221; spina bifida manifesta&#8221; ad\u0131 da verilir. Myelosel ve myelomeningosel her bin do\u011fumda bir g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ( % 95 ) myelomeningosel \u015feklindedir.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spina bifidan\u0131n en a\u011f\u0131r formu olan myelomeningoselin belirtileri; bu belitiler spina bifidal\u0131 omurilik seviyesinin alt\u0131ndaki belirtiler ve beyin omurilik s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 belirtiler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Kas zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve fel\u00e7<\/li>\n<li>Duyu kayb\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Mesane ve barsak kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn olmamas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Hidrosefali ( beyinde su toplanmas\u0131 )<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f6betler<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6rl\u00fck<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: 0pt none;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27257%27%20height%3D%27210%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20257%20210%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27257%27%20height%3D%27210%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/icerikresimleri\/nds\/smyelomenigosel.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"210\" border=\"0\" \/> <img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: 0pt none;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27252%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20252%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27252%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/icerikresimleri\/nds\/MENING2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"252\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Myelomeningoselli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n % 70 &#8211; 90&#8242; \u0131nda myelomingoselle birlikte beyin omurilik s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da bozulmu\u015ftur ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fta b\u00fcy\u00fcme, n\u00f6betler ve g\u00f6rme bozuklu\u011fu olur. Hidrosefali \u015fant ( shunt ) ameliyat\u0131 ile kontrol edilir. Bu ameliyatla beyinde olu\u015fan fazla s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funa verilir. Bu \u015fekilde beyin hasar\u0131, n\u00f6betler, ve k\u00f6rl\u00fck \u00f6nlenmi\u015f olur.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hidrosefali spina bifada olmaks\u0131z\u0131n da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ancak bu iki durum s\u0131kl\u0131kla birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>E\u011fitim imkanlar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spina bifada s\u0131k rastlanan bir anomalidir. Yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar mylomeningoselli \u00e7ocuklar do\u011fumdan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde do\u011fumdan hemen sonra yap\u0131lan \u015fant ameliyatlar\u0131 ve spinal tamir bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6lmesini engellemi\u015ftir. S\u0131kl\u0131kla bu \u00e7ocuklar daha sonra da \u00e7ok ciddi operasyonlar ge\u00e7irmektedirler. Bu sebeple bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 esnek olmal\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n t\u0131bbi bak\u0131m ve rehabilitasyon izlemeleri ile uyum g\u00f6stermelidirler. Myelonemingoselli pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli sorun mesane ve barsak kontrol\u00fcd\u00fcr, temiz aral\u0131kl\u0131 kateterizasyon ( TAK ) gerekebilir. TAK&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ve uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6zel bir e\u011fitim ve dikkat gerektirir. Baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00e7ok erken ya\u015fta bile kendi kendine kateterizasyonu \u00f6\u011frenebilir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir mesane tedavi program\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun normal okula gitmesini ve toplumla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda hidrosefaliden dolay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme problemleri olabilir. Keza bu \u00e7ocuklar dikkat eksikli\u011fi, anlama ve ifade etme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, okuma ve hesap bozukluklar\u0131 olan \u00e7ocuklara erken m\u00fcdahale daha sonraki okul ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okulla entegre olabilmeleri i\u00e7in okul ekipman\u0131 ve m\u00fcfredatta baz\u0131 ayarlamalar yapmak gerekebilir. Yine bu \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ve mimari engeller \u00f6nemli sorunlar olu\u015fturur. Myelonemingoselli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n mobiliteyi de bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmeleri gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in tutulan seviyeye ve omurilikteki lezyonunun derecesine g\u00f6re bir hedef tespit edilmeli ve bu hedefe ula\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ocuklar baston yard\u0131m\u0131 ile brace lerle ( alt seviyeler ) yada tekerlekli sandalye ile mobilize olabilirler.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spina bifida daki gibi fiziksel engeller \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015fsal ve sosyal geli\u015fmelerinde \u00e7ok derin etkiler b\u0131rak\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim i\u00e7in aileler, \u00f6\u011fretmenler, fizyoterapistler ve e\u011fitimin di\u011fer elemanlar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spina Bifida Spina bifida omurili\u011fin beyinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7evresel organlara ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[224],"tags":[243,244,245,246],"class_list":["post-377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-normal-disi-cocuklar","tag-engelli-cocuklar","tag-omurilik-kanali-acikligi","tag-spina-bifida","tag-spina-bifida-tedavisi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10797,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377\/revisions\/10797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turanuslu.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}